Epilepsy/Seizure Treatment in India
A seizure happens because of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It may go nearly unnoticed. Or, in some severe cases, it may cause unconsciousness and convulsions, when your body shakes uncontrollably.
Seizures usually come on suddenly. How long and severe they are can vary. A seizure can happen to you just once, or over and over. If they keep coming back, that’s epilepsy, or a seizure disorder.
- A seizure is a sudden surge or burst of electrical activity in your brain.
- A seizure affects how you appear or act for a short time.
- Many different things can happen during a seizure. Whatever your brain and body can do normally can also happen during a seizure.
Seizures categorised into Two Groups:
1. Generalised Seizures :
These involve your entire brain from the start. Common subtypes include:
Tonic-clonic (grand mal): This is the most common subtype. Your arms and legs get stiff, and you may stop breathing for a bit. Then your limbs will jerk around. Your head will move about, as well.
Absence seizures (petit mal): You lose awareness briefly when you have one of these. Children get them more often than adults. Typically, they last only a few seconds.
Febrile seizures: These are convulsions a child may have from a high fever caused by an infection. They can last a few minutes but are usually harmless.
2.Partial (Focal) Seizures
This type begins in a specific area of the brain. They may spread to the entire brain. There are two types:
If you have a focal onset aware seizure, you remain conscious. The seizure is very brief (usually less than 2 minutes). You may or may not be able to respond to people while it’s happening.
Focal onset impaired awareness seizures can cause unconsciousness. You may also do things without knowing it, like lip smacking, chewing, moving your legs, or thrusting your pelvis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Seizures can take many forms, from staring spells to involuntary movements of the arms and legs. Some signs a child might be having a seizure are:
- Unusual sensations or twitching before the seizure
- Staring, not responding to anyone
- Uncontrollable muscle spasms
- Loss of consciousness (passes out)
- Uncontrolled peeing or pooping
Causes Of Epilepsy :
Different epilepsies are due to many different underlying causes. The causes can be complex, and sometimes hard to identify. A person might start having seizures because they have one or more of the following.
A genetic tendency, passed down from one or both parents (inherited).
A genetic tendency that is not inherited, but is a new change in the person’s genes.
A structural (sometimes called ‘symptomatic’) change in the brain, such as the brain not developing properly, or damage caused by a brain injury, infections like meningitis, a stroke or a tumour. A brain scan, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), may show this.
Structural changes due to genetic conditions such as tuberous sclerosis, or neurofibromatosis, which can cause growths affecting the brain.
Are there tests to see if I might have more seizures?
Yes. Tests can be done to see how your nervous system is working. If certain results are found on these tests, it’s likely that you will have more seizures. But people can still have seizures and epilepsy with normal results on most tests.
One of these tests is an EEG test, or electroencephalogram . An EEG can look at electrical activity in the brain. It may help predict whether you will have more seizures. Certain patterns on the EEG are typical of epilepsy. If your brain waves show patterns of that type, you are about twice as likely to develop epilepsy.
Seizure Triggers:
Triggers are situations that can bring on a seizure in some people with epilepsy. Some people’s seizures are brought on by certain situations. Triggers can differ from person to person, but common triggers include tiredness and lack of sleep, stress, alcohol, and not taking medication. For some people, if they know what triggers their seizures, they may be able to avoid these triggers and so lessen the chances of having a seizure.
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