Breast Cancer Treatment in Turkey

Breast cancer is breast cancer that occurs in breast cells. The cancer usually develops inside either the lobules or the breast ducts. Lobules are the milk-producing glands, and ducts are the channels that carry milk from the glands into the nipple. Cancer can also exist inside your breast in the fatty tissue or in the fibrous connective tissue.

Breast Cancer Stages

A doctor will stage cancer by tumor size and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.

There are different approaches to treat breast cancer. One way is from stage 0–4, with categories subdivided at each numerated level. Descriptions of the four main stages are listed below, although a cancer ‘s particular substage can also rely on certain unique tumor characteristics, such as HER2 receptor status.

• Stage 0: Known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the cells are limited to within the ducts and have not invaded surrounding tissues.
• Stage 1: At this stage, the tumor measures up to 2 centimeters (cm) across. It has not affected any lymph nodes, or there are small groups of cancer cells in the lymph nodes.
• Stage 2: The tumor is 2 cm across, and it has started to spread to nearby nodes, or is 2–5 cm across and has not spread to the lymph nodes.
• Stage 3: The tumor is up to 5 cm across, and it has spread to several lymph nodes or the tumor is larger than 5 cm and has spread to a few lymph nodes.
• Stage 4: The cancer has spread to distant organs, most often the bones, liver, brain, or lungs.

Breast Cancer types

Ductal carcinoma: This begins in the milk duct and is the most prevalent form.

Lobular carcinoma: Starting in the lobules.

Invasive breast cancer develops when the cells in the lobules or ducts break out and invade surrounding tissue. That raises the risk of spreading cancer to other areas of the body.

Non-invasive breast cancer occurs while the cancer persists and has not yet spread within its place of origin. Often, however, these cells will lead to invasive breast cancer.

Breast Cancer Treatment Options in Turkey

Breast Cancer Surgery in Turkey

Several types of surgery may be used to remove breast cancer, including:

• Lumpectomy. This procedure removes the tumor and some surrounding tissue, leaving the rest of the breast intact.
• Mastectomy. In this procedure, a surgeon removes an entire breast.In a double mastectomy, both breasts are removed.
• Sentinel node biopsy. This surgery removes a few of the lymph nodes that receive drainage from the tumor. These lymph nodes will be tested. If they don’t have cancer, you may not need additional surgery to remove more lymph nodes.
• Axillary lymph node dissection. If lymph nodes removed during a sentinel node biopsy contain cancer cells, your doctor may remove additional lymph nodes.
• Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Even though breast cancer may be present in only one breast, some women elect to have a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. This surgery removes your healthy breast to reduce your risk of developing breast cancer again.

Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy in Turkey

High-powered radiation beams are used, with radiation therapy, to destroy and kill cancer cells. Most radiation therapies use radiation from external beams. This technique uses a big outboard motor.

Advances in the treatment of cancer have also allowed doctors to radiate cancer from within the body. This kind of radiation therapy is called brachytherapy. Surgeons insert radioactive seeds, or pellets, inside the body near the tumor site to perform brachytherapy. The seeds remain there for a short time, and are working to kill cancer cells.

Breast Cancer Chemotherapy in Turkey

Chemotherapy is a medication used to destroy cancer cells. Some people may undergo chemotherapy alone, but this form of treatment is mostly used in combination with other procedures, in particular surgery.

Physicians tend, in some cases, to give patients chemotherapy prior to surgery. The hope is that the treatment will shrink the tumor, and then the operation will not have to be as invasive as that. Chemotherapy has many unwanted side effects, so talk with your doctor about your concerns before starting treatment.

Breast Cancer Hormone Therapy in Turkey

If your type of breast cancer is hormone sensitive, your doctor might start hormone therapy for you. Two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, can stimulate the growth of breast cancer tumors. Hormone therapy works by preventing the development of these hormones in your body, or by preventing the receptors on the cancer cells. This action will help delay the cancer development, and probably stop it.

Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy Details in Turkey

Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Details in Turkey

Breast Cancer Surgery Details in Turkey

Best Hospitals for Breast Cancer Treatment in Turkey

Breast Cancer Surgery Cost in Turkey

Why Turkey is preferred Destination for Breast Cancer Surgery

Advanced Breast Pathology,

Cytology
Haematoxylin & eosin section (H&E)
Surgical specimen
Sentinel node
Core biopsy
Frozen section (FS)
Surgical specimen
Sentinel node
Immunohistochemistry stain (IHC)
Estrogen receptors
Progesterone receptors
HER-2
Ki-67

Breast Surgery Expertise

Dedicated Breast Surgeons

Breast Surgery beds

Breast Suregry Nurse specialists

Intra-operative evaluation of sentinel node

Reconstruction performed by Breast Surgeons

Clinical Research

Breast Reconstructive Surgery Availability

Remodelling after breast-conserving surgery
Reconstruction after mastectomy:
Two-stage reconstruction (tissue expander followed by implant)
One-stage reconstruction
Autogenous tissue flap
Latissimus dorsi flap
Transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM)
Free-flaps (free TRAM, DIEP, SIEA, gluteal, etc.)
Surgery on the contralateral breast for symmetry

Breast Cancer Treatment Cost in Turkey Cities